Impact of Physical Activity and Bio-Psycho-Social Factors on Social Network Addiction and Gender Differences in Spanish Undergraduate Education Students.

Social network use has increased in recent years. Social networks are fast-changing and may cause negative effects such as dependence and addiction. Hence, it was decided to establish two research aims: (1) to identify the social network used by university students and their use levels according to their sex and (2) to analyse how age, body mass index, physical activity, emotional intelligence and social network type affect addiction to social networks according to young people's sex. A cross-sectional study was designed involving Spanish university students from Education Degrees. The mean age of the participants was 20.84 years (±2.90). Females made up 69.8% of the sample and males 30.2%. An online questionnaire was administered that included sociodemographic questions, IPAQ-SF and TMMS-24. This study found that all students use WhatsApp and more than 97% have YouTube and Instagram accounts. The linear regression model obtained was as follows: social network addiction = 3.355 + 0.336*emotional attention - 0.263*emotional clarity. There is a positive relationship between social network addiction and emotional attention (r = 0.25; p < 0.001) and negative relationships between social network addiction and emotional clarity (r = -0.16; p = 0.002) and between social network addiction and age (r = -0.17; p = 0.001). University students report lower levels of social network addiction and slightly higher levels of social network addiction among females. In addition, there are significant differences between the average social network addiction scores of university students in terms of their use of Telegram, TikTok and Twitch.

Analysis of academic performance according to levels of physical activity and life satisfaction. A systematic review / Análisis del rendimiento académico según los niveles de actividad física y satisfacción vital. Una revisión sistemática

Academic performance is one of the most studied variables in the educational context. Likewise, students' physical activity and quality of life have a direct incidence on their academic success. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to analyse the effects of physical activity and quality of life on students' academic performance. The Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed databases were used to select articles published between 2013 and 2023. The criteria established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed for the elaboration of the systematic review, with the final sample of 17 articles. Results show how regular physical activity improves academic performance in mathematics and language. Moreover, it is also observed that quality of life also plays a key role in the drop-out or lower grade point average of students at any educational stage. (AU)

El rendimiento académico es una de las variables más estudiadas en el contexto educativo. Asimismo, la actividad física y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes tienen una incidencia directa en su éxito académico. Por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar los efectos de la actividad física y la calidad de vida en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science, SCOPUS y PubMed para seleccionar los artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023. Para la elaboración de la revisión sistemática se siguieron los criterios establecidos por la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), siendo la muestra final de 17 artículos. Los resultados muestran cómo la práctica regular de actividad física mejora el rendimiento académico en matemáticas y lengua. Además, también se observa que la calidad de vida juega un papel clave en el abandono o la disminución de la nota media de los alumnos en cualquier etapa educativa. (AU)

Motivation toward Physical Activity and Healthy Habits of Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Adolescence is a transformative period in which rapid physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth takes place. Laying the foundation for healthy behaviors is paramount during these formative years. The aim of this review is to determine which countries are leading in research on adolescents' motivation towards physical activity and healthy habits and their main findings. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement using the Web of Science and Scopus databases during the months of September to December 2022. The search terms used were: "Physical activity", "Motivation" and "Adolescents", in the following research areas: Education, Educational Research and Sport Sciences. A total of 5594 articles were identified, but only those that met the established criteria were included (32 articles). It is concluded that most of the research is led in Spain with 16 articles, followed by 3 in Chile, 2 in Portugal, 2 in Norway and the rest of the countries with 1. Likewise, most of the works include very similar aspects regarding the incidence of motivation towards the adherence to the practice of Physical Activity and healthy habits.

On What Tasks Did Children between the Ages of 3 and 12 Years Spend Their Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An International Comparative Study between Ibero-America and Europe.

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 meant, in many countries, the establishment of a period of confinement in which families were forced to restrict movement and social contacts with the consequent risk of inactivity. Our objective as to analyze the degree of psychosocial well-being, sociodemographic aspects and use of technological means depending on the educational level of the parents. The sample consisted of 2316 children aged between 3 and 12 years (M = 7.70; SD = 2.86). For the analysis and treatment of the data, the statistical software SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used. We found that the European participants used more video consoles (M = 0.89 ± 1.33) and tablets (M = 1.30 ± 0.95), while the Ibero-Americans obtained higher values in the use of TV (M = 2.28 ± 1.10) and levels higher in a negative state of psychosocial well-being (M = 7.29 ± 1.07) and in tiredness/fatigue (M = 4.34 ± 2.44). We concluded that, during the period of confinement in European areas, higher values were obtained in the time dedicated to Physical Activity (PA), use of tablets, school task performance, artistic activities, family games, reading, free play and hours of sleep; while in Ibero-America, there were longer times in the use of technological devices and performing domestic tasks.

The Physical Education Class Perceived by Schoolchildren from 6 to 8 Years Old Expressed through Drawings.

Physical Education is one of the subjects that arouses the most interest in children. The aim of this study is to find out the opinion that primary school students have about the Physical Education class. Drawings from a sample of 62 students from an educational centre in the city of Jaén, aged between six and eight years old, were analysed. The results show that the larger size of the drawings corresponds to the aspects that are to be emphasised. This subject is carried out regularly in the sports pavilion of the centre, making frequent use of materials such as sticks, hoops or balls. Cheerful colours are used, reflecting their enthusiasm for the subject. The smiling facial expression represents the schoolchildren's interest in the subject. The most popular games or sports are basketball and pichi, both of them collective.

Influence of the characteristics of the house and place of residence in the daily educational activities of children during the period of COVID-19' confinement.

The period of confinement motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic and established by the governments of different countries has influenced the lifestyle of millions of children, not being able to continue carrying out multiple educational activities as they did until confinement. The objective of this research was to determine and analyze whether the living conditions of children during the period of confinement caused by COVID-19 influenced their daily educational activities. A descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional quantitative study with a non-experimental design was carried out, with a single measurement in a single group. Factors associate with living conditions were analyzed, such as the place of residence and the type of house in which Spanish children have been confined, as well as the number and use of technological devices. The parents' perception of the children's state of fatigue, happiness, energy and tiredness was also analyzed. We have worked with a sample of 837 Spanish children. As a data collection instrument, the validated questionnaire on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households (TIC-H2019) of the National Statistics Institute (INE) was used, following the recommendations of the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT). The results confirm some statistically significant influence of the conditions of the house and place of residence on the daily time dedicated to different educational activities such as reading, physical activity, free play or use of technological devices between children residing in small flats and those residing in large flats or houses with garden and those residing in urban and rural settings.

Study of Psychosocial and Academic Indicators in Young Adults from Andalucía, Spain.

BACKGROUND: The university years bring a great deal of vital changes. In addition, psycho-social factors play a key role in university students' development and their consumption of harmful substances. The aim is to analyse academic performance according to psychosocial factors, self-concept, emotional intelligence and harmful substance consumption in a sample of future Physical Education teachers. METHODS: The present study was carried out with a sample of 775 undergraduate students who were studying for the Primary Education Degree in Physical Education in Andalusia, Spain. The main instruments used include an ad hoc questionnaire, the Self-Concept Form-5 test, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Emotional Intelligence Inventory adapted to Sport. RESULTS: The results show that young people who have a greater general self-concept and self-emotional management are those who access the university degree through Vocational Training. In relation to the average record mark, it was observed that participants with marks of notable and outstanding obtained higher scores in general self-concept, academic dimension and hetero-emotional management. Those with grades of passed and outstanding were those with higher levels in the physical dimension of self-concept and emotional use. In relation to receiving a scholarship to study, it has been shown that those university students who do perceive it have higher levels in most of the dimensions of emotional intelligence and self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, the harmful substances did not show significant relationships with academic factors, except between tobacco and the average mark of the file.

Physical Activity and Daily Routine among Children Aged 0-12 during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of many people. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyse the physical activity (PA) and daily routine among children (0-12 years) during lockdown and to establish the main relationships among the variables. METHODS: A quantitative study with a descriptive-comparative and cross-sectional design carried out. The sample, selected for convenience, consisted of 837 Spanish children aged 0-12. The "Children and confinement" questionnaire was used, distributed electronically through Google Forms and social networks and activated for 45 days. The individuals participating in this study were mainly children (50.2%) who were in primary education (44.8%). Predominantly, the families of participants were biparental (87.9%), with established routines and schedules (85.7%). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The use of digital screens is an important part of children's daily routine. Their daily activities were practiced for more than three-six years, with more by girls. The time children devoted to sleep was directly proportional to the time they devoted to physical activity and indirectly proportional to the time they spent watching screens. The children who slept the most were those aged zero-three years, especially girls, who belonged to large families. The levels of physical activity in the sample were low, as were the times spent on activities such as music or games.

Systematic Review of the Literature About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of School Children.

Background: The year 2020 has been marked by the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus has reached many countries and has paralyzed the lives of many people who have been forced to stay at home in confinement. There have been many studies that have sought to analyze the impact of this pandemic from different perspectives; however, this study will pay attention to how it has affected and how it may affect children between 0 and 12 years in the future after the closure of schools for months. Objective: The objective of this article is to learn about the research carried out on the child population in times of confinement, especially those dealing with the psychological and motor aspects of minors. Methods: To carry out this systematic review, the PRISMA statement has been followed to achieve an adequate and organized structure of the manuscript. The bibliography has been searched in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Dialnet databases, using as keywords: "COVID-19" and "Children." The criteria that were established for the selection of the articles were (1) articles focusing on an age of up to 12 years, (2) papers relating COVID-19 to children, and (3) studies analyzing the psychological and motor characteristics of children during confinement. Results: A total of nine manuscripts related to the psychological and motor factors in children under 12 have been found. The table presenting the results includes the authors, title, place of publication, and key ideas of the selected manuscripts. Conclusion: After concluding the systematic review, it has been detected that there are few studies that have focused their attention on the psychological, motor, or academic problems that can occur to minors after a situation of these characteristics. Similarly, a small number of studies have been found that promote actions at the family and school level to reverse this situation when life returns to normal. These results may be useful for future studies that seek to expand the information according to the evolution of the pandemic.

Use of the Smartphone and Self-Concept in University Students According to the Gender Variable.

The university stage comprises a very important and vital period in the modification of students' lifestyles, and these changes can affect their self-concept. The excessive use of technology today can also influence the formation of their identity. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between self-concept and the use of the smartphone by university students in terms of gender. The sample included 253 students (mean age 21.39 ± 3.27) of the Primary Education Degree of the University of Jaén (106 men and 147 women). A questionnaire was used to unify several instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire, a Self-Concept Form-5 questionnaire (AF-5), and a questionnaire on cell phone-related experiences (CERM). The results show the existence of significant differences between both genders in the academic, emotional, and social dimensions of self-concept, with women showing a greater academic self-concept and men showing an emotional and physical one. Regarding the use of the smartphone in relation to self-concept, significant differences are found in the academic and emotional dimensions depending on the degree of use. In addition, in relation to the use of the smartphone, it has been detected that half of the students present potential problems. It is concluded that there is a relationship between both constructs, especially the academic and emotional self-concept.

Actividades Físicas en el Medio Natural. Incidencia en la formación del Profesorado y su enseñanza en la ESO / Physical Activities in the Natural Environment. Impact on teacher training and its teaching at Secondary Education

El bloque de contenidos de Actividad Física en el Medio Natural (AFMN) es uno de los que menos se incluye en las programaciones de Educación Física (EF) en Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), lo que, unido a la escasa preparación en dichos contenidos recibida en los estudios de formación de profesorado de EF, dificulta su enseñanzaaprendizaje en esta etapa educativa. Por tal motivo el objetivo de esta investigación es averiguar porque el profesorado de ESO no desarrolla o trabaja poco las AFMN. Para ello, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada de respuestas abiertas a trece docentes de diversas localidades andaluzas para averiguar cómo se trabaja el bloque de contenidos de AFMN. Los datos recogidos concluyen que la mayoría del profesorado trabaja la orientación y el senderismo como únicas actividades dentro del bloque 5º (AFMN), argumentando la falta de medios, dificultad de organización de salidas y el riesgo que suponen este tipo de actividades

The contents about the physical activity in the natural environment are one of the least visible in the educational programming for the Andalusian physical education teachers, mainly during the Obligatory Secondary Education. Therefore, we are trying to clarify the major reasons that lead teachers to ignore this type of content. For that purpose, a qualitative research is conducted by interviewing thirteen teachers from different Andalusian locations. The data collected conclude that most teachers work orienteering and hiking as the only activities within the fifth block, arguing the lack of means to support the activities, difficulty in organizing trips to the natural environment and the risk posed by these activities. In this research, we also try to simplify the difficulties encountered by teachers when physical activities are practiced in the natural environment. It is assumed that the training received due to the qualifications required to work as a physical education teacher does not train them to practice the activities in the natural environment

Análisis del bienestar subjetivo del jugador de pádel / Analysis of the Subjective Well-Being of the Player of Paddle / Análise do Bem-Estar Subjetivo do Paddle Player

Por la importancia del pádel en España, el propósito de este estudio fue profundizar sobre el análisis del estado de bienestar subjetivo del jugador de este deporte. Para ello se analizaron tres factores relacionados con la felicidad: la felicidad propiamente dicha, la satisfacción con la vida y el estado de ánimo. En el estudio han participado 118 sujetos con una edad media de 31.86 años (DT = ± 8.959). Los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar estos constructos fueron la Escala factorial para medir la Felicidad, Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) y el Profile of Mood States (POMS). El análisis ha puesto de manifiesto la correlación entre los tres factores. Los resultados señalan que a medida que se incrementa el tiempo de práctica, los jugadores de pádel obtienen puntuaciones más favorables para las diferentes dimensiones del estado de ánimo (POMS), por lo que se considera que existe una relación positiva entre la práctica del pádel y el bienestar subjetivo de la persona

Due to the importance of paddle in Spain, the purpose of this study was to deepen the analysis of the subjective welfare state of the player of this sport. For this, three factors of intimate relationship with happiness were analyzed, such as, happiness itself, satisfaction with life and mood. The study involved 118 subjects, of average age 31.86 years (SD = ± 8.959). The instruments used to evaluate these constructs were the Factor Scale to measure Happiness, Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The analysis has revealed the correlation between the three factors. The results indicate that as the practice time increases the paddle players obtain more favorable scores for the different dimensions of the state of mind (POMS). Regarding the results obtained, it is considered that there is a positive relationship between the practice of paddle sports and the subjective well-being of the person

Devido à importância do padel na Espanha, o objetivo deste estudo foi aprofundar a análise do estado de bem-estar subjetivo do jogador deste esporte. Para isso, foram analisados três fatores relacionados à felicidade: felicidade em si, satisfação com a vida e humor. O estudo envolveu 118 sujeitos com uma idade média de 31,86 anos (DP = ± 8,959). Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar essas construções foram a escala fatorial para medir a felicidade, a satisfação com Escala de Vida (SWLS) eo Profile of Mood States (POMS). A análise revelou a correlação entre os três fatores. Os resultados mostram que, como tempo de prática aumenta, jogadores de padel obter pontuações mais favoráveis para as diferentes dimensões de humor (POMS), então considera-se que existe uma relação positiva entre a prática de padel e o bem-estar subjetivo da pessoa

Mini Review of the Use of the Mobile Phone and Its Repercussion in the Deficit of Physical Activity.

BACKGROUND: Current technology has the ability to distract and evade its users, this resulting in an addiction or "escape" from the real world. The excessive use of smartphones can cause a decrease in physical activity (PA) for many people prefer to use these devices rather than do the recommended physical exercise. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to analyze the possible relation between the use of smartphones and the reduction in the practice of PA that is reflected in scientific articles. METHODS: The PRISMA statement has been followed for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in order to achieve a correct organization and integrity of the work. Our search for bibliography has been carried out in the WOS and Scopus databases, together with the research domains "Social Sciences Other Topics," "Education Educational Research," and "Sport Sciences." After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were obtained, these forming the base body of this research. RESULTS: Nine of the fourteen articles show that there is a negative relationship between the smartphone and PA practice. The age groups most studied in relation to this topic range from 13 to 18 and from 19 to 25. CONCLUSION: It is our conclusion that the inappropriate use of these mobile devices is associated with low levels of motivation and practice of PA in their users. Similarly, we have emphasized the lack of scientific work dealing with this issue.

Physical Activity in Natural Environments Is Associated With Motivational Climate and the Prevention of Harmful Habits: Structural Equation Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Practicing physical activity in a natural environment has various benefits that make it an ideal setting to develop healthy behaviors and thereby diminish unhealthy habits. The objective of this study was to develop and verify an explicative model for motivational climate in sport, considering its potential influence on alcohol and tobacco consumption. METHODS: The study included 2273 adolescents from Granada (Spain), analyzing motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), alcohol consumption (AUDIT) and tobacco consumption (FTND). Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted, yielding an excellent fit (χ2 = 168.170; gl = 32; p = 0.00; CFI = 0.972; NFI = 0.966; IFI = 0.972; RMSEA = 0.045). RESULTS: The main findings were: a negative relationship between task climate and alcohol consumption among students practicing physical activities in a natural environment; a positive relationship between ego climate and alcohol consumption among those practicing other types of physical activity; and a positive and direct relationship between alcohol and tobacco consumption, which was stronger among those who did not practice physical activity in a natural environment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that physical-sport activity practiced in nature is a key to acquiring healthy patterns characterized by intrinsic motivations in sport and lower consumption of harmful substances.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale en estudiantes de educación / Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in Teacher Training Students

Resumen Este trabajo tiene por objeto aplicar la escala UWES-S a los sujetos que se están formando como profesores y estudiar la inferencia de las variables sociodemográficas y personales en el compromiso con sus estudios. Material y Método: Para esta investigación, instrumental y empírica, se ha utilizado la versión española del Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S), adaptada a dichos estudios, que evalúa el grado de compromiso individual (motivación) del sujeto hacia la actividad que realiza. El cuestionario comprende 17 ítems, con escala Likert de cinco posiciones. Se han usado cuatro programas estadísticos: SPSS.22, Factor.10, MPlus.7 y G*Pwer 3.1.9.2. Han participado 373 estudiantes del grado de Maestro (n = 196 de Educación Primaria, n = 85 de Educación Infantil) y n = 92 del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Secundaria) de dos universidades del norte y sur de España, y una universidad de Chile. Tras el análisis de resultados y la discusión, se concluye que existen diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo y situación geográfica de las universidades. Las mujeres se sienten más comprometidas con sus estudios, así como los estudiantes del sur de España y los latinoamericanos, al compararlos con los del norte.

Abstract This paper undertook to apply the UWES-S scale to the individuals training as teachers, and to study the inference of sociodemographic and personal variables with their commitment in their studies. Material and method: This is an instrumental and empirical research wherein we utilized the Spanish version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-UWES-S, which evaluates the degree of individual commitment inherent in the activity performed. This survey contains 17 items under a Likert scale of 5 positions. We utilized three statistical software programs: SPSS.22, Factor.10, MPlus.7, and G*Pwer 3.1.9.2. 373 Education Undergraduate students (n=196 of Primary, n=85 of Preschool) and n=92 students under the Master Degree in Secondary Education partook in this study. Say students appertained to two Universities of north and south of Spain, and a University of Chile. After analyzing the results and the discussion, we have concluded that there are significant differences in the personal variables, both in the social demographical character and the geographical location of the Universities. In addition, the female students, and students from southern Spain and Latin America, are more committed to their studies as compared to students from the North of Spain.

[Physical activity, Mediterranean diet, maximal oxygen uptake and motivational climate towards sports in schoolchildren from the province of Granada: a structural equation model]. / Actividad física, dieta mediterránea, capacidad aeróbica y clima motivacional hacia el deporte en escolares de la provincia de Granada: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.

INTRODUCTION: the school stage represents a period of risk in the development of habits such as sedentary digital leisure, which favours future pathologies such as obesity. The practice of Physical Activity and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) allows its prevention, being essential to promote motivational climates in sport that support a healthy lifestyle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the present study was carried out in a sample of 692 schoolchildren from the province of Granada. This research aims to develop a structural equation model that allows to analyse the relationships between motivational climate, healthy habits and maximal oxygen uptake. The main instruments used were the PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C and CERV. RESULTS: the results show a direct relationship between the practice of PA, Task Climate and Ego Climate. PA was positively correlated with the use of videogames and maximum oxygen uptake. The problematic use of video games was positively associated with Ego Climate and negatively related to the level of adherence to the MD. Finally, Ego Climate was positively related to the level of adherence to MD. CONCLUSION: the practice of PA oriented to Task Climate promotes a lifestyle more active, which improves the maximal oxygen uptake, reduces the sedentary digital leisure and is associated to a better dietary pattern. The ego-oriented goals also is associated with the quality of the diet, revealing the need to promote a physical-sports practice that favours intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

Introducción: la etapa escolar representa un periodo de riesgo en el desarrollo de hábitos como el ocio digital sedentario, que favorece patologías futuras como la obesidad. La práctica de actividad física (AF) y el nivel de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) permiten su prevención, por lo que es esencial promover climas motivacionales hacia el deporte que favorezcan un estilo de vida saludable.Material y métodos: el presente estudio, realizado en una muestra de 692 escolares de la provincia de Granada, tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que permita analizar las relaciones entre clima motivacional, hábitos físico-saludables y capacidad aeróbica máxima. Como principales instrumentos se emplean los cuestionarios PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C y CERV. Resultados: los resultados muestran una relación directa entre la práctica de AF y el Clima Tarea y el Clima Ego. La realización de AF correlacionó positivamente con el uso de videojuegos y con la potencia aeróbica máxima. El uso problemático de videojuegos se asoció positivamente con el Clima Ego y negativamente con el nivel de adherencia a la DM. Finalmente, el Clima Ego mostró una relación directa con el nivel de adherencia a la DM.Conclusión: la práctica de AF orientada a la tarea favorece la consecución de un estilo de vida activo, que mejora la capacidad aeróbica máxima, disminuye el ocio digital sedentario y se relaciona con una mejor dieta. Las metas orientadas al ego también favorecen la calidad de la dieta y revelan la necesidad de promover una práctica físico-deportiva que favorezca motivaciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas.

Actividad física, dieta mediterránea, capacidad aeróbica y clima motivacional hacia el deporte en escolares de la provincia de granada: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales / Physical activity, Mediterranean diet, maximal oxygen uptake and motivational climate towards sports in schoolchildren from the province of Granada: a structural equation model

Introducción: la etapa escolar representa un periodo de riesgo en el desarrollo de hábitos como el ocio digital sedentario, que favorece patologías futuras como la obesidad. La práctica de actividad física (AF) y el nivel de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) permiten su prevención, por lo que es esencial promover climas motivacionales hacia el deporte que favorezcan un estilo de vida saludable. Material y métodos: el presente estudio, realizado en una muestra de 692 escolares de la provincia de Granada, tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que permita analizar las relaciones entre clima motivacional, hábitos físico-saludables y capacidad aeróbica máxima. Como principales instrumentos se emplean los cuestionarios PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C y CERV. Resultados: los resultados muestran una relación directa entre la práctica de AF y el Clima Tarea y el Clima Ego. La realización de AF correlacionó positivamente con el uso de videojuegos y con la potencia aeróbica máxima. El uso problemático de videojuegos se asoció positivamente con el Clima Ego y negativamente con el nivel de adherencia a la DM. Finalmente, el Clima Ego mostró una relación directa con el nivel de adherencia a la DM. Conclusión: la práctica de AF orientada a la tarea favorece la consecución de un estilo de vida activo, que mejora la capacidad aeróbica máxima, disminuye el ocio digital sedentario y se relaciona con una mejor dieta. Las metas orientadas al ego también favorecen la calidad de la dieta y revelan la necesidad de promover una práctica físico-deportiva que favorezca motivaciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas

Introduction: the school stage represents a period of risk in the development of habits such as sedentary digital leisure, which favours future pathologies such as obesity. The practice of Physical Activity and the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) allows its prevention, being essential to promote motivational climates in sport that support a healthy lifestyle. Material and methods: the present study was carried out in a sample of 692 schoolchildren from the province of Granada. This research aims to develop a structural equation model that allows to analyse the relationships between motivational climate, healthy habits and maximal oxygen uptake. The main instruments used were the PMCSQ-2, KIDMED, PAQ-C and CERV. Results: the results show a direct relationship between the practice of PA, Task Climate and Ego Climate. PA was positively correlated with the use of videogames and maximum oxygen uptake. The problematic use of video games was positively associated with Ego Climate and negatively related to the level of adherence to the MD. Finally, Ego Climate was positively related to the level of adherence to MD. Conclusion: the practice of PA oriented to Task Climate promotes a lifestyle more active, which improves the maximal oxygen uptake, reduces the sedentary digital leisure and is associated to a better dietary pattern. The ego-oriented goals also is associated with the quality of the diet, revealing the need to promote a physical-sports practice that favours intrinsic and extrinsic motivations

Actividad física y conductas agresivas en adolescentes en régimen de acogimiento residencial / Physical activity and aggressive behaviour in adolescents in residential care

Resumen Se presenta un estudio ex post-facto de tipo descriptivo de medición única en un solo grupo que tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las conductas agresivas y de bullying de adolescentes en régimen de acogimiento residencial con su género y la práctica de actividad física. La participación de un total de 203 adolescentes en acogimiento residencial de la provincia de Granada (España) permitió el registro y la evaluación de las siguientes variables: conducta violenta, bullying, nivel de practica de actividad física y modalidad y parámetros sociodemográficos. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes varones en acogimiento residencial presentan medias más elevadas en agresividad manifiesta o directa, mientras que el género femenino presenta índices de agresividad relacional más elevados. Predomina la realización de actividad física mediante deportes colectivos de contacto, cuya práctica es más frecuente en varones. Asimismo, se aprecian valores similares por modalidad deportiva en comportamientos agresivos y de bullying en jóvenes en régimen de acogimiento resi dencial. Como principal conclusión se muestra que los comportamientos agresivos de tipo manifiesto y reactivo son los más comunes en los adolescentes en acogimiento residencial, lo que revela baja capacidad de autocontrol.

Abstract A retrospective, descriptive study, with a single measurement in a single group is presented, in order to analyse the relationship between aggressive and bullying behaviours in adolescents in residential care. A total of 203 adolescents in residential care from the province of Granada (Spain) participated and the following variables were evaluated: Aggres sive Behaviour, Bullying, Performance of Physical Activity, Modality of Physical Activity, and Socio-Demographic Factors. The results showed that male adolescents in residential care have higher averages in manifest or direct aggressiveness, whilst girls have higher rates of relational aggressiveness. The performance of physical activity is predominant, with con tact group sports, being more common in males. Moreover, similar values are shown by sports modality, aggressive behaviours and bullying, in adolescents in residential care. As a main conclusion, it is shown that overt aggressive behaviour of reactive type is most com mon in adolescents living in residential care, which highlights low capacity of self-control in this population.

Validación de un cuestionario para la cuantificación del dolor de espalda en escolares / Validation of a questionnaire for quantification of backache in school children

Objetivo: validar un instrumento de medida fácil, rápido y fiable que permita el acceso a información cuantitativa sobre el dolor de espalda que pueda sufrir la población infantil. Métodos: estudio descriptivo cuantitativo, no experimental, de corte transversal. Participaron 153 escolares (80 niños y 73 niñas) del tercer ciclo de educación primaria y de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, que contestaron un cuestionario sobre algias de espalda mediante una escala visual analógica. A todos los niños se les tomaron las medidas antropométricas y pesado los utensilios de transporte de material escolar. La fase de validez didáctica y de contenido fue realizada por jueces expertos y la consistencia interna del cuestionario, a de Cronbach, fue elevada (0,809). Resultados: las correlaciones entre los ítems fueron muy significativas (p< 0,001) excepto en un caso (p> 0,05). El índice de la Medida de Adecuación Muestral Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (p< 0,0001) indicó la posibilidad de realizar un análisis factorial del que pudimos obtener un factor denominado Dolor de Espalda, que explicó el 58,46 por ciento de la varianza total, por lo que resulta un instrumento unidimensional. Conclusiones: el cuestionario creado se muestra como un instrumento válido y fiable para la recogida de información cuantitativa del dolor de espalda en el ámbito del área de educación física relacionada con la salud(AU)

Objective: to validate an easy, rapid and reliable measuring instrument that allows the access to quantitative information about backache that the child population could suffer. Methods: non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study in which 153 school children (80 boys and 73 girls) from the third cycle of primary education and secondary education participated. They answered a questionnaire about backache by using a visual analogue scale. All of them were taken their anthropometric measures and their means to carry the school materials. The phase of didactic and contents validation was performed by expert judges whereas the internal consistency of the questionnaire expressed as Cronbach's Alpha was high (0.809). Results: the correlations between the items were very significant (p< 0.001), except in one case (p> 0.05). The rate of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin's of Sampling Adequacy Measure (p< 0.0001), indicates the possibility of making a factor analysis from which we can obtain a factor called Backache, explaining 58.46 percent of the total variance, and this instrument finally was one-dimensional. Conclusions: the questionnaire proves to be a valid and reliable instrument for quantitative data collection about backache in the field of health-related physical education area(AU)